While universal design varies from one place to another, here are some elements to consider:
Streets (also see ‘Road’ in transport section)
At least one accessible route needs to be available for all pedestrians in continuous fashion throughout. All routes which join main avenues, secondary roads, bus stops and other access points for public transportation should be considered. Other key elements include:
- Surfaces, evenness
- Width and longitudinal/transverse gradient: flat as possible while allowing adequate drainage or outflow of water
- Pedestrian crossings: ramps should be smooth, free of obstacles
- Object, elements which encroach on pedestrian areas: posts, holes, open drains, sewers, vendors, etc.
- Location and accessibility of street furniture: located along the same strip; outer edge of the pavement
- Visual and informative signage: clear and bright
- Availability of all-weather pavements and walkways
- Maintenance, condition of streets
Buildings
An accessible route from the main entrance, connecting to the main working areas, other public or common areas and washrooms need to be available.
- Width of doors and traffic areas
- Placement, access and height of equipment
- Washrooms: common areas, private stalls, family units
- Rescue and emergency areas and exit: easily identified and clearly marked
- Parking spaces: close to corners or entrances to places of major public interest
There are some cases when accessible routes cannot be assured due to sharp inclines, abrupt changes in levels or conditions, or very irregular street surfaces. Also, incorporating universal design may be especially challenging in traditional and older cities, where human movement is substantially hindered. In these cases, incorporating assistive technical aids or means of transportation can be considered.
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