Chairs were developed from chests and had upright back legs, heavy turning and often carved panels. Plank Chest – Simple Plank construction by a carpenter and blacksmith. Metal straps and nails were used to hold the timber together but because of the arrangement of grain the timber often split. They often had handles to carry it.
A simple timber planked chest
Chest / Partly Framed Chest – This was superseded by the partly framed chest. It used dry pegged construction and panel fitted into the frame allowed for movement without the timber splitting. Panels from riven boards were hand moulded and sometimes carved to give the “linenfold” effect. The board is cut with a wedge and split. Built In Seating – Early settles accommodated up to six people with simple linenfold panels and foot rest rail.
JoinedorJoyned Chest c1530
Wainscott panelwork was used on the walls. Joined Chest - Joyned or joined distinguished the work of the joiners from the carpenter. Settles - Settles were made more movable. The seat had a lift up lid for stotrage.The arm supports were shaped for added comfort. Some were adaptable into tables as well as seats.
Credence - A table to hold bread and wine for holy Communion. Panels carved with bunches of grapes and vines. They often had an overhead canopy.
Carved linen fold panel
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